How do exiles remember a dictatorship they left behind? Lyns-Virginie Belony puts the question to Haitians in Montreal, working from community periodicals, Duvalierist writings and the Quebec press alongside interviews with residents who arrived in successive waves from the 1960s onward. Steve Stern's notion of emblematic memory gives her a way to map the competing accounts she found. Her opening chapters establish what is being remembered: Duvalier's dismantling of the officer corps, the founding of the Volontaires de la Sécurité Nationale beside a secret police whose boundaries were deliberately left blurred, and a Cold War alignment that bought Washington's tolerance. What follows is an anatomy of disagreement, running from nostalgia and open apology to testimony of persecution that has never healed. Readings of the Duvalier years, warm or damning, turn out to be verdicts on the Haiti that came after 1986.