Laguerre offers diasporic citizenship as a name for the condition of people who live outside the state they once owed sole allegiance to and who belong in practice to two nations at once. Randolph Bourne's 1916 essay on a transnational America supplies the opening frame, and Haitian settlement in the United States supplies the evidence. The received chronology, a wave of refugees between 1791 and 1803 and then silence until the 1915 occupation, gives way to a continuous stream with dormant stretches and considerable return migration. The nineteenth-century chapters follow Haitian founders of black Catholic orders in Baltimore, Michigan and New Orleans, Haitian American congressmen and lieutenant-governors of the Reconstruction South, and the New Orleans Comite des Citoyens whose test case became Plessy v. Ferguson, handed down on Haiti's flag day. Later chapters, outlined in the introduction, treat households organised like transnational firms, diasporic business, community media, Creole schooling and party bureaus in New York.