Munro handled Haitian affairs at the State Department and served as United States minister in Port-au-Prince from 1930 to 1932, and he narrates the end of the occupation from inside the legation. Terminating an intervention proves harder than starting one, he observes, because bondholders had been assured that American officials would keep collecting customs until the 1922 loan was retired. He traces the sequence: elite resentment at the loss of government patronage, the student strike and the shooting that followed it late in 1929, Hoover's Forbes Commission, the brokered arrangement that produced President Vincent, and the treaty of 1932, which the Haitian congress rejected unanimously after legislators decided to humiliate the president. An executive agreement in 1933 settled matters, the Garde was Haitianized in 1934, and the marines withdrew. Munro credits the treaty services with roads, public health work and a disciplined constabulary, and grants that poverty and illiteracy were left almost untouched.