Laguerre gives the name cosmonation to a nation whose people are distributed across a homeland and a set of diasporic enclaves and whose governance is shared between them. The novelty he presses is legal rather than demographic: homelands have written emigration into statute through dual citizenship, voting from abroad, parliamentary seats set aside for citizens overseas, and bureaucracies built to run all of it. Mexico's council for communities abroad and comparable European provisions supply the working cases. He sorts such formations into nonterritorial, monoterritorial and multiterritorial types, and insists that building one creates losers as well as winners, since parliaments resist redistricting and home-based politicians resent rivals with foreign funding. The consequence for research is that immigrant integration cannot be measured against the host country alone, because everyday life unfolds inside a crossborder network joining homeland, hostland and other diaspora sites.