1830 · Africanyear only

France takes Algiers and pulls Algeria into the Atlantic system

Ottoman rule ended and a different kind of empire began, one built on capital and race.

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1831 · Diasporayear only

A letter to Virginia's governor says Haiti offers asylum

White writers compared Turner to Dessalines while an anonymous correspondent pointed south.

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1831 · Haitianyear only

The government spends more than it takes in and blames France

Receipts of 2.34 million gourdes against 2.54 million spent, six years after recognition was bought.

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1832 · Diasporayear only

Oblate sisters nurse cholera patients at the Baltimore almshouse

The city asked the black convent for help in an epidemic and wrote to thank it in September.

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22 July 1833 · Diaspora

A priest turned doctor dies and his money buys a plantation

Marseille, Leogane, Philadelphia, New York, then seven hundred and ninety acres in South Carolina.

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1834 to 1848 · Caribbeanspan

Two emancipations become evidence in an American quarrel

Britain freed its colonies in 1834 and France in 1848, and both American camps read the results.

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1834 · Haitianyear only

Rome sends a bishop from South Carolina and gets nothing

Gregory XVI proposes a national clergy and a vicar apostolic; Bishop England leaves empty handed.

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1835 · Haitianyear only

The penal code files Vodou under superstitions and makes it punishable

Fines and prison for anyone who made a zombie or cast a spell, on the statute book for generations.

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May 1835 · Africanmonth known

A mission that began in 1491 ends with two men on a boat to Palermo

Bernardo of Sao Salvador, a Kongolese lay brother, left with the records of the mission.

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1836 to 1838 · Caribbeanspan

A freedom law arrives with a treadmill and a vagrancy act

The statute ending apprenticeship in Dominica also punished squatting and wandering.

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1837 · Caribbeanyear only

A Dominica election puts men of colour in control of the House

The freehold qualification was ten acres, and enough freedmen met it to take the chamber.

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1838 to 1927 · Caribbeanspan

Half a million Asians are moved into the Caribbean once slavery ends

Trinidad and British Guiana took Indians, and Cuba took most of the Chinese.

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1838 to 1924 · Caribbeanspan

Half a million indentured workers reach the British Caribbean

About one in six was Muslim, and some of them crossed into Haiti.

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1 August 1838 · Caribbean

Abolition frees about fourteen thousand people on an island with land to spare

Dominica had one of the lowest ratios of enslaved people to land in the British Caribbean.

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8 September 1838 · Caribbean

A magistrate calls the freed cultivators of Dominica peasants

The clerks in London who read him knew the term and did not want the thing.

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