Gerlus follows almost three decades of American policy toward the Duvaliers and shows how each side put a price on the other's fear. After the Cuban revolution left Haiti forty miles from a socialist state, François Duvalier blamed a communist conspiracy for the exile landing of 1958, offered Washington a site for a naval base, voted to expel Cuba from the OAS, and collected military and financial aid, more than forty-three million dollars before most of it stopped in 1963. Jean-Claude Duvalier repeated the argument more smoothly, invoking traffic through the Windward Passage and Cuban intentions to draw investment and assistance that by 1981 covered most of the national development budget. Congressional hearings, State Department testimony and Senator Brooke's fact-finding reports supply the evidence for the double standard that follows. Under Reagan, eligibility for aid was tied to the 1981 interdiction agreement, and Haitians stopped at sea were labelled migrants while Cubans were called refugees.