History and Legitimacy: Aspects of the Use of the Past in Precolonial Dahomey
Court chanters in Dahomey, the ahanjito, recited the deeds of dead kings every morning and were reportedly liable to execution for an error, a claim Law treats coolly, since without a written text nobody could establish that an error had occurred. What interests him is what the recitations were for. Setting the standard version that Le Herisse took down in 1911 from one royal informant against earlier fragments recorded by Norris, Pires, Brue and Burton, he finds the sequence of the first kings has moved, with Wegbaja shifting from third place to second so that the ruler credited with founding the kingdom's institutions stands nearer its origin. The dynasty's claimed descent from the royal house of Allada he dates to the later eighteenth century, after the conquest of 1724, useful for presenting conquest as inheritance. Two kings summoned clan elders and had their traditions fixed in verse, which Law reads as an attempt to enforce orthodoxy.
Law, R. (1988). History and Legitimacy: Aspects of the Use of the Past in Precolonial Dahomey. History in Africa, 15, 431-456.