The Slave Trade in Seventeenth-Century Allada: A Revision
Robin Law revises the accepted chronology of slave exports from the kingdom of Allada on the Bight of Benin. Drawing on Dutch West India Company accounts, English cargo calculations, Portuguese estimates of trade out of São Tomé and French traders' journals, he abandons decade-by-decade totals in favour of periods set by the political history of the trade. Sharp short-term swings emerge. Exports were higher than usually assumed in the 1630s and 1640s, lower through the middle decades, and repeatedly disrupted by the Anglo-Dutch maritime wars, with sustained growth beginning only in the later 1670s. Measured against these volumes, movements in slave prices track the balance of local supply and European demand more closely than earlier accounts allowed. Law also argues that the Allada king's share of sales fell as the total trade grew, which he reads as indirect evidence that a rising proportion of captives was brought from the interior by traders outside royal control.
Law, R. (1994). The Slave Trade in Seventeenth-Century Allada: A Revision. African Economic History, 59-92.