Junta, Rape, and Religion in Haiti, 1993-1994
Between 1991 and 1994 the Cedras junta made sexual assault a standing instrument of political control, punishing women for their own activism or for that of male relatives. Rey interviewed dozens of survivors from 1994 to 1995 and stayed in contact with twenty-four of them for five years, asking what religion does inside that experience. Two answers emerge. Faith supplied a frame in which suffering could be borne: poor Haitians backed an embargo that hurt them most, prayed and made offerings for the American landing, and understood Aristide's exile and return as the trial and vindication of a prophet. Faith also helped build what he calls a rape culture, through a Mariology of submission, a sacralised militarism, and a teaching of forgiveness that the negotiated amnesty converted into impunity. All twenty-four women refused to forgive their attackers. Rey ends by arguing that Vodou, Catholic and Protestant practice should be enlisted in rehabilitation in a country that had fifteen psychiatrists in 1997.
Rey, T. (1999). Junta, Rape, and Religion in Haiti, 1993-1994. Journal of Feminist Studies in Religion, 15(2), 73-100.