American newspapers greeted the 1915 landing in Haiti as a patient neighbour finally doing a necessary job. Pamphile shows how the NAACP set about dismantling that picture.

James Weldon Johnson, who had widened the association's agenda to include the treatment of black people abroad, went to Haiti and came back with three findings: that Washington had twice tried before 1915 to force a financial convention on Haiti and used the killing of President Sam as its opening; that Roger Farnham of the National City Bank stood behind the policy through his control of the Banque Nationale; and that the campaign against Charlemagne Peralte's insurgents had killed some three thousand Haitians against thirteen Marines.

The report reached the front pages and became an election issue once Harding could use Roosevelt's boast about writing Haiti's constitution against the Democrats. The occupation continued regardless, and the association went on agitating until the Marines withdrew in 1934.