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Scholarship on Haiti, the Haitian Revolution and the diaspora — where to find it, how to cite it, and, where we have written one, what it argues.

1,450 works · 662 with summaries written here
2000s

Rising Up and Rising Down (Volume 6)

Vollmann · 2003

Vollmann reports from two places where violence had settled into routine. The first is Mogadishu during the American intervention, riding out at night with a Marine squad ordered to confiscate weapons from…

Chapter

Vollmann reports from two places where violence had settled into routine. The first is Mogadishu during the American intervention, riding out at night with a Marine squad ordered to confiscate weapons from every faction impartially, led by a corporal who says the frightening thing is never knowing where the enemy is. A man from another platoon is shot on a street they had patrolled that afternoon; a newspaper clipping notes the United Nations withdrawing convoy protection a year later.

The second is the Muslim south of Thailand, where he tries to determine whether the separatist bands are fighting for Pattani and Islam or running extortion rackets, and finds the distinction will not stay put.

The method is deliberately unresolved. First-person narrative is broken up by flat transcripts, a provincial governor, a defector, schoolgirls, low-ranking policemen, an ageing separatist leader, set against each other rather than reconciled.

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APA (7th ed.)

Rising Up and Rising Down (Volume 6). (2003). In [Book title, editors and publisher not recorded].

Incomplete: no author recorded; book title, editors and publisher not recorded. Check the source before citing.

Filed under William T. Vollmann
Summary written here from the work itself — not the publisher’s own.

Rising up and Rising Down(Volume 5)

Vollmann · 2003

Reporting, not theory, carries this volume. Vollmann travels through Cambodia and the Thai border zone in the years after the Vietnamese withdrawal, and his method is to let people account for their own…

Chapter

Reporting, not theory, carries this volume. Vollmann travels through Cambodia and the Thai border zone in the years after the Vietnamese withdrawal, and his method is to let people account for their own violence and then set the accounts against each other.

In Phnom Penh he visits Tuol Sleng and the killing field at Choeung Ek, an amputee rehabilitation centre, and the mined road north to Battambang, where a provincial commander briefs him for an hour before he can ask a question and a commune committee meets beside a dugout roofed with logs to soak up shellfire. Across the frontier he tries to buy his way toward the Khmer Rouge and the logging money that sustains them, and hears from a brothel owner and a smuggler's sister why the movement was not, in their telling, so bad.

Japan's yakuza appear on the same terms: extortionists entirely convinced that they protect the weak.

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APA (7th ed.)

Rising up and Rising Down(Volume 5). (2003). In [Book title, editors and publisher not recorded].

Incomplete: no author recorded; book title, editors and publisher not recorded. Check the source before citing.

Filed under William T. Vollmann
Summary written here from the work itself — not the publisher’s own.

Rising Up and Rising Down-(Volume MC)

Vollmann · 2003

This volume distils the argument of the larger work into a numbered code. The principles, Vollmann explains in a prefatory apology, were extracted wherever possible word for word from the four theoretical…

Chapter

This volume distils the argument of the larger work into a numbered code. The principles, Vollmann explains in a prefatory apology, were extracted wherever possible word for word from the four theoretical volumes that precede it, and are offered as working rules rather than as an exact science of ethics.

The structure is that of a legal instrument. It begins with how to form a moral code, variations on the Golden Rule, and maxims addressed to murderers and tyrants, then runs through a long sequence on when violence is warranted, when it is not, and when it is inexcusable yet forgivable. Categories of self-defence extend from honour and race through homeland, ground, earth, animals and gender to defence against traitors and defence of revolution; a second section treats violence as policy, covering deterrence, retribution, revenge, punishment, obedience and sadism.

Each rule carries caveats, cross-references and worked examples, from Bernhard Goetz to the Talmud.

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APA (7th ed.)

Rising Up and Rising Down-(Volume MC). (2003). In [Book title, editors and publisher not recorded].

Incomplete: no author recorded; book title, editors and publisher not recorded. Check the source before citing.

Filed under William T. Vollmann
Summary written here from the work itself — not the publisher’s own.

Réussir dans un Monde d'Hommes: les Stratégies des Femmes de Couleur du Cap-Français

Rogers · 2003 · Journal of Haitian Studies 9(1), 40-51
Journal article · Citation only
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APA (7th ed.)

Réussir dans un Monde d'Hommes: les Stratégies des Femmes de Couleur du Cap-Français. (2003). Journal of Haitian Studies, 9(1), 40-51. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41715204

Incomplete: no author recorded. Check the source before citing.

No summary here. This journal publishes no abstract, and we do not summarise a work we have not read.

The black Atlantic: modernity and double consciousness

Gilroy · 2003

Gilroy begins with a complaint about cultural studies. Its English formation borrowed from wider European traditions of thinking about culture in which racialised others figure only as things to be known and…

Book

Gilroy begins with a complaint about cultural studies. Its English formation borrowed from wider European traditions of thinking about culture in which racialised others figure only as things to be known and criticised, and its own histories seldom register how much they already owe to black cultural theory and to figures such as C. L. R. James and Stuart Hall. The motive he states for writing is to have black people recognised as agents with minds and an intellectual history.

Against nationalism and ethnic absolutism on every side -- the belief in cultural purity, the picture of black Britain as two intact communities colliding -- he offers units of analysis lodged between the local and the global, chief among them diaspora.

The ship is his organising figure: not an emblem of the triangular trade but a moving site of dissent and cultural production that links ports, recalls the middle passage, and unsettles where modernity is thought to begin.

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APA (7th ed.)

The black Atlantic: modernity and double consciousness. (2003).

Incomplete: no author recorded; publisher not recorded. Check the source before citing.

Summary written here from the work itself — not the publisher’s own.

The Butterfly's Way: Voices from the Haitian Dyaspora in the United States

Danticat · 2003

Danticat gathers writing by Haitians in the United States, arranged in five movements: childhood, migration, the half or first generation, return, and the future.

Book

Danticat gathers writing by Haitians in the United States, arranged in five movements: childhood, migration, the half or first generation, return, and the future. The contributors write about lives split between two countries, sometimes plainly, sometimes with a haunted edge.

The range is wide. Jean-Robert Cadet recalls a Port-au-Prince childhood spent as a restavek, enslaved in a household; Dany Laferriere remembers a boyhood in Petit-Goave with the grandmother he adored; Marie Helene Laforest describes discovering that the whiteness she had in Haiti became blackness in the United States. Others write about a detained refugee whose one wish is a red dress and the dignity it stands for, about alienation, about marrying across the color line, and about the frustrations of helping, including the visitors who take more from Haiti than they leave behind.

What holds the collection together is the divided self of the emigrant, turned over from many angles.

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APA (7th ed.)

The Butterfly's Way: Voices from the Haitian Dyaspora in the United States. (2003).

Incomplete: no author recorded; publisher not recorded. Check the source before citing.

Summary written here from the publisher’s abstract — not the publisher’s own.

The Presence of Vodou in New York City: The Impact of a Caribbean Religion on the Creolization of a Metropolis

Schmidt · 2003 · Matatu 27(1), 213-234

Schmidt uses the touring exhibition Sacred Arts of Haitian Vodou, which reached the American Museum of Natural History in 1998, as a mirror held up to New York rather than to Haiti.

DOI · Journal article

Schmidt uses the touring exhibition Sacred Arts of Haitian Vodou, which reached the American Museum of Natural History in 1998, as a mirror held up to New York rather than to Haiti. A museum shows what someone chose to show; what this one reflected, she argues, was the city's own idea of Vodou.

After working through the contested vocabulary of creole and creolization, she turns to fieldwork among Haitian New Yorkers. Temples go unregistered and are often tucked into basements and backyards, partly because of immigration status and mainly because of the religion's reputation. Practice adapts: ceremonies move indoors and onto weekends, a single priest may officiate, sometimes to recorded music, though initiates insist nothing essential has changed.

Interest in Caribbean drumming and dance meanwhile spreads well beyond Haitian circles into colleges and dance schools, and some outsiders eventually seek initiation. The music, Schmidt observes, is far easier for the city to accept than the practice.

Find it Publisher via DOI ↗
APA (7th ed.)

The Presence of Vodou in New York City: The Impact of a Caribbean Religion on the Creolization of a Metropolis. (2003). Matatu, 27(1), 213-234. https://doi.org/10.1163/18757421-90000453

Incomplete: no author recorded. Check the source before citing.

Summary written here from the work itself — not the publisher’s own. DOI 10.1163/18757421-90000453, resolved zotero.

Unsettling the Coloniality of Being/Power/Truth/Freedom: Towards the Human, After Man, Its Overrepresentation--An Argument

Wynter · 2003 · CR: The New Centennial Review 3(3), 257-337

Wynter's subject is a substitution. From the Renaissance onward, Europe replaced the Christian account of what a human being is with a secular one it called Man, first as the state's rational political subject…

DOI · Journal article

Wynter's subject is a substitution. From the Renaissance onward, Europe replaced the Christian account of what a human being is with a secular one it called Man, first as the state's rational political subject and later a biological organism selected or dysselected by evolution, then presented this ethnoclass invention as the human as such.

Race, she argues, was made to do the work that distinctions between mortal and immortal, human and divine, had done for other societies. Lacking any bodily correlate, it grounded a new line between humans and those cast as barely human, and it was invented in the Caribbean and the Americas, where indigenous peoples and enslaved Africans became the physical referents of Man's Others.

The stakes are practical: the well-being of the Western and westernized middle classes is taken for that of the species. Working from Fanon's account of sociogeny, Wynter calls for a different description of the human, no longer written from that position.

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APA (7th ed.)

Unsettling the Coloniality of Being/Power/Truth/Freedom: Towards the Human, After Man, Its Overrepresentation--An Argument. (2003). CR: The New Centennial Review, 3(3), 257-337. https://doi.org/10.1353/ncr.2004.0015

Incomplete: no author recorded. Check the source before citing.

Summary written here from the work itself — not the publisher’s own. DOI 10.1353/ncr.2004.0015, resolved zotero.

Vodun and Jazz: "Jelly Roll" Morton and Lester "Pres" Young - Substance and Shadow

Daniels · 2003 · Journal of Haitian Studies 9(1), 110-123
Journal article · Citation only
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APA (7th ed.)

Vodun and Jazz: "Jelly Roll" Morton and Lester "Pres" Young - Substance and Shadow. (2003). Journal of Haitian Studies, 9(1), 110-123. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41715208

Incomplete: no author recorded. Check the source before citing.

No summary here. This journal publishes no abstract, and we do not summarise a work we have not read.

Women Writing Creole: Deyita's "Esperans Dezire", Sistren's "Lionheart Gal", and Mamita Fox's "Identifikashon"

Strongman · 2003 · Journal of Haitian Studies 9(2), 42-57
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Women Writing Creole: Deyita's "Esperans Dezire", Sistren's "Lionheart Gal", and Mamita Fox's "Identifikashon". (2003). Journal of Haitian Studies, 9(2), 42-57. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41715218

Incomplete: no author recorded. Check the source before citing.

No summary here. This journal publishes no abstract, and we do not summarise a work we have not read.

"Qismat" of the Names of Allah in Haitian Vodou

Benson · 2002 · Journal of Haitian Studies 8(2), 160-164
Journal article · Citation only
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"Qismat" of the Names of Allah in Haitian Vodou. (2002). Journal of Haitian Studies, 8(2), 160-164. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41715141

Incomplete: no author recorded. Check the source before citing.

No summary here. This journal publishes no abstract, and we do not summarise a work we have not read.

(Re)Membering African Religion and Spirituality in the African Diaspora

Timothy · 2002 · Journal of Haitian Studies 8(1), 134-149
Journal article · Citation only
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(Re)Membering African Religion and Spirituality in the African Diaspora. (2002). Journal of Haitian Studies, 8(1), 134-149. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41715122

Incomplete: no author recorded. Check the source before citing.

No summary here. This journal publishes no abstract, and we do not summarise a work we have not read.

A New Haiti: A Proposal for a Model Community in Haiti

Leiderman · 2002 · Journal of Haitian Studies 8(2), 146-158
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A New Haiti: A Proposal for a Model Community in Haiti. (2002). Journal of Haitian Studies, 8(2), 146-158. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41715140

Incomplete: no author recorded. Check the source before citing.

No summary here. This journal publishes no abstract, and we do not summarise a work we have not read.

A Phoenix Ready to Rise: The Arts and Crafts at Cap Haïtien

Benson · 2002 · Journal of Haitian Studies 8(1), 161-168
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A Phoenix Ready to Rise: The Arts and Crafts at Cap Haïtien. (2002). Journal of Haitian Studies, 8(1), 161-168. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41715124

Incomplete: no author recorded. Check the source before citing.

No summary here. This journal publishes no abstract, and we do not summarise a work we have not read.

Can Hometown Associations Foster Democratic Change in Haiti?

Pierre-Louis · 2002 · Journal of Haitian Studies 8(2), 127-145
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Can Hometown Associations Foster Democratic Change in Haiti? (2002). Journal of Haitian Studies, 8(2), 127-145. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41715139

Incomplete: no author recorded. Check the source before citing.

No summary here. This journal publishes no abstract, and we do not summarise a work we have not read.

Emile Ollivier

2002 · Journal of Haitian Studies 8(1), 5
Journal article · Citation only
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Emile Ollivier. (2002). Journal of Haitian Studies, 8(1), 5. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41715114

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No summary here. This journal publishes no abstract, and we do not summarise a work we have not read.

Erzulie, the Divine Paradox: as Rose in Chauvet's "Colère" and as Noémie in Ollivier's "Mère-Solitude"

Boisvert · 2002 · Journal of Haitian Studies 8(1), 27-38
Journal article · Citation only
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Erzulie, the Divine Paradox: as Rose in Chauvet's "Colère" and as Noémie in Ollivier's "Mère-Solitude". (2002). Journal of Haitian Studies, 8(1), 27-38. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41715116

Incomplete: no author recorded. Check the source before citing.

No summary here. This journal publishes no abstract, and we do not summarise a work we have not read.

Haiti's Political Gridlock

Maguire · 2002 · Journal of Haitian Studies 8(2), 30-42
Journal article · Citation only
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Haiti's Political Gridlock. (2002). Journal of Haitian Studies, 8(2), 30-42. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41715133

Incomplete: no author recorded. Check the source before citing.

No summary here. This journal publishes no abstract, and we do not summarise a work we have not read.

Haiti's predatory republic: the unending transition to democracy

Fatton · 2002

Fatton's term for post-Duvalier Haiti is predatory democracy. The forms are in place — parties, associations, a free press, elections held with some regularity — but the actors have never agreed on rules…

Book

Fatton's term for post-Duvalier Haiti is predatory democracy. The forms are in place — parties, associations, a free press, elections held with some regularity — but the actors have never agreed on rules for competing, and each faction believes only it is fit to govern.

What fills that vacancy is a fight over the small number of offices through which public power converts into private wealth. Rival wings of the Lavalas petite bourgeoisie pursue it with armed gangs; everyone with resources has built a security apparatus, so coercion is dispersed among private forces that may escape whoever created them. A negotiated transition protected members of the old dictatorial coalition and installed them where they could veto, leaving authoritarian habits inside the new order.

Appearances mislead, as the Creole proverb has it: Préval held the office while power stayed elsewhere. Fatton stops short of calling the arrangement sealed — opposition, press and peasant organisations still leave openings.

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APA (7th ed.)

Haiti's predatory republic: the unending transition to democracy. (2002).

Incomplete: no author recorded; publisher not recorded. Check the source before citing.

Filed under neg mawon guests
Summary written here from the work itself — not the publisher’s own.

In the Father's Shadow: Dany Laferriére and Magloire Saint-Aude

Coates · 2002 · Journal of Haitian Studies 8(1), 40-55
Journal article · Citation only
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In the Father's Shadow: Dany Laferriére and Magloire Saint-Aude. (2002). Journal of Haitian Studies, 8(1), 40-55. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41715117

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No summary here. This journal publishes no abstract, and we do not summarise a work we have not read.

L'Abbé Grégoire et la Révolution Haïtienne

Brière · 2002 · Journal of Haitian Studies 8(2), 44-51
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L'Abbé Grégoire et la Révolution Haïtienne. (2002). Journal of Haitian Studies, 8(2), 44-51. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41715134

Incomplete: no author recorded. Check the source before citing.

No summary here. This journal publishes no abstract, and we do not summarise a work we have not read.

Littérature Orale Haïtienne: Analyse d'un Nouvel Apport

Comeau · 2002 · Journal of Haitian Studies 8(1), 80-97
Journal article · Citation only
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Littérature Orale Haïtienne: Analyse d'un Nouvel Apport. (2002). Journal of Haitian Studies, 8(1), 80-97. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41715119

Incomplete: no author recorded. Check the source before citing.

No summary here. This journal publishes no abstract, and we do not summarise a work we have not read.

Mammy Dearest: A home decorating catalog reminds us that prejudice takes many shapes

Chin · 2002 · Journal of Haitian Studies 8(2), 165-167
Journal article · Citation only
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Mammy Dearest: A home decorating catalog reminds us that prejudice takes many shapes. (2002). Journal of Haitian Studies, 8(2), 165-167. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41715142

Incomplete: no author recorded. Check the source before citing.

No summary here. This journal publishes no abstract, and we do not summarise a work we have not read.

Mille Eaux d'Emile Ollivier: décanter les fleuves de l'enfance haïtienne et de la souffrance maternelle

Gyssels · 2002 · Journal of Haitian Studies 8(1), 6-26
Journal article · Citation only
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Mille Eaux d'Emile Ollivier: décanter les fleuves de l'enfance haïtienne et de la souffrance maternelle. (2002). Journal of Haitian Studies, 8(1), 6-26. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41715115

Incomplete: no author recorded. Check the source before citing.

No summary here. This journal publishes no abstract, and we do not summarise a work we have not read.

Operation Restore Democracy?

Girard · 2002 · Journal of Haitian Studies 8(2), 70-85
Journal article · Citation only
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APA (7th ed.)

Operation Restore Democracy? (2002). Journal of Haitian Studies, 8(2), 70-85. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41715136

Incomplete: no author recorded. Check the source before citing.

No summary here. This journal publishes no abstract, and we do not summarise a work we have not read.

Rara! vodou, power, and performance in Haiti and its diaspora

McAlister · 2002

Each year Rara fills Haitian streets, and its marchers, who follow the Afro-Creole religion Vodou, make noise in public on purpose. McAlister reads the festival as political work rather than as spectacle alone.

Book

Each year Rara fills Haitian streets, and its marchers, who follow the Afro-Creole religion Vodou, make noise in public on purpose. McAlister reads the festival as political work rather than as spectacle alone.

Her account rests on ethnographic material she gathered herself. The bands, she shows, draw on two reservoirs of power, the Vodou spirits and the people who have died recently, and use them to send messages out into public hearing.

Those messages are coded rather than stated outright. Read closely, they carry claims about Haitian history, about relations between men and women, and about the ties binding Haiti to Haitians living abroad.

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APA (7th ed.)

Rara! vodou, power, and performance in Haiti and its diaspora. (2002).

Incomplete: no author recorded; publisher not recorded. Check the source before citing.

Summary written here from the publisher’s abstract — not the publisher’s own.

Review: General Sun, My Brother, by Jacques Stephen Alexis, Carrol F. Coates

Prou · 2002 · Journal of Haitian Studies 8(2), 183-185
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Review: General Sun, My Brother, by Jacques Stephen Alexis, Carrol F. Coates. (2002). Journal of Haitian Studies, 8(2), 183-185. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41715147

Incomplete: no author recorded. Check the source before citing.

No summary here. This journal publishes no abstract, and we do not summarise a work we have not read.

Review: Haiti in Focus; A Guide to the People, Politics and Culture, by Charles Arthur

Benson · 2002 · Journal of Haitian Studies 8(2), 179-182
Journal article · Citation only
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Review: Haiti in Focus; A Guide to the People, Politics and Culture, by Charles Arthur. (2002). Journal of Haitian Studies, 8(2), 179-182. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41715145

Incomplete: no author recorded. Check the source before citing.

No summary here. This journal publishes no abstract, and we do not summarise a work we have not read.

Review: Haiti's Predatory Republic: The Unending Transition to Democracy, by Robert Fatton, Jr.

Horne · 2002 · Journal of Haitian Studies 8(2), 178-179
Journal article · Citation only
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Review: Haiti's Predatory Republic: The Unending Transition to Democracy, by Robert Fatton, Jr. (2002). Journal of Haitian Studies, 8(2), 178-179. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41715144

Incomplete: no author recorded. Check the source before citing.

No summary here. This journal publishes no abstract, and we do not summarise a work we have not read.

Review: Haitians and African-Americans: A Heritage of Tragedy and Hope, by Leon D. Pamphile

Horne · 2002 · Journal of Haitian Studies 8(1), 171-172
Journal article · Citation only
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Review: Haitians and African-Americans: A Heritage of Tragedy and Hope, by Leon D. Pamphile. (2002). Journal of Haitian Studies, 8(1), 171-172. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41715126

Incomplete: no author recorded. Check the source before citing.

No summary here. This journal publishes no abstract, and we do not summarise a work we have not read.

Review: Libète, a Haiti Anthology, by Charles Arthur, Michael Dash

Concannon · 2002 · Journal of Haitian Studies 8(1), 170-171
Journal article · Citation only
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Review: Libète, a Haiti Anthology, by Charles Arthur, Michael Dash. (2002). Journal of Haitian Studies, 8(1), 170-171. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41715125

Incomplete: no author recorded. Check the source before citing.

No summary here. This journal publishes no abstract, and we do not summarise a work we have not read.

Review: Rara! Vodou, Power, and Performance in Haiti and Its Diaspora, by Elizabeth McAlister

Wilcken · 2002 · Journal of Haitian Studies 8(1), 175-177
Journal article · Citation only
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Review: Rara! Vodou, Power, and Performance in Haiti and Its Diaspora, by Elizabeth McAlister. (2002). Journal of Haitian Studies, 8(1), 175-177. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41715128

Incomplete: no author recorded. Check the source before citing.

No summary here. This journal publishes no abstract, and we do not summarise a work we have not read.

Review: Vodou: Spirits of Hatian Art

Flores-Peña · 2002 · Journal of Haitian Studies 8(2), 182-183
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Review: Vodou: Spirits of Hatian Art. (2002). Journal of Haitian Studies, 8(2), 182-183. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41715146

Incomplete: no author recorded. Check the source before citing.

No summary here. This journal publishes no abstract, and we do not summarise a work we have not read.

Review: Walking on Fire: Haitian Women's Stories of Survival and Resistance, by Beverly Bell, Edwidge Danticat

Clitande · 2002 · Journal of Haitian Studies 8(1), 172-175
Journal article · Citation only
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Review: Walking on Fire: Haitian Women's Stories of Survival and Resistance, by Beverly Bell, Edwidge Danticat. (2002). Journal of Haitian Studies, 8(1), 172-175. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41715127

Incomplete: no author recorded. Check the source before citing.

No summary here. This journal publishes no abstract, and we do not summarise a work we have not read.

Réflexion: Vaudou et Société en Haïti

Piquion · 2002 · Journal of Haitian Studies 8(2), 167-176
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Réflexion: Vaudou et Société en Haïti. (2002). Journal of Haitian Studies, 8(2), 167-176. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41715143

Incomplete: no author recorded. Check the source before citing.

No summary here. This journal publishes no abstract, and we do not summarise a work we have not read.

The Enslaved Healers of Eighteenth-Century Saint Domingue

Weaver · 2002 · Bulletin of the History of Medicine 76(3), 429-460

Weaver reconstructs a medical world in eighteenth-century Saint Domingue staffed largely by enslaved practitioners: herbalists, kaperlatas, hospitalières, infirmières, and accoucheuses.

Journal article

Weaver reconstructs a medical world in eighteenth-century Saint Domingue staffed largely by enslaved practitioners: herbalists, kaperlatas, hospitalières, infirmières, and accoucheuses. Out of Western, African, and Caribbean remedies they assembled a form of medicine particular to the island, and they treated both enslaved patients and the colony's white residents.

Trust ran along predictable lines. Enslaved people preferred the methods of the popular healers, herbalists and kaperlatas above all, whose care felt familiar to them. Poorer whites who could not pay for orthodox medicine, or wanted no part of it, consulted kaperlatas as well.

Others found the arrangement profitable. Plantation managers put the medical labor of enslaved women to work in ways that enriched the planters employing them and enriched the managers themselves. Licensed practitioners, for their part, drew on what enslaved herbalists knew about remedies, and in dealing with enslaved midwives sought to pull them further under the supervision of European medical men.

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APA (7th ed.)

The Enslaved Healers of Eighteenth-Century Saint Domingue. (2002). Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 76(3), 429-460. https://www.jstor.org/stable/44448995

Incomplete: no author recorded. Check the source before citing.

Filed under 1700s
Summary written here from the publisher’s abstract — not the publisher’s own.

The Exile of the 1791 Slave Leaders: Spain's Resettlement of its Black Auxiliary Troops

Geggus · 2002 · Journal of Haitian Studies 8(2), 52-67
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The Exile of the 1791 Slave Leaders: Spain's Resettlement of its Black Auxiliary Troops. (2002). Journal of Haitian Studies, 8(2), 52-67. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41715135

Incomplete: no author recorded. Check the source before citing.

No summary here. This journal publishes no abstract, and we do not summarise a work we have not read.

The Faculté des sciences de l'éducation Regina Assumpta: A successful teacher-education project in Cap-Haïtien

Essar · 2002 · Journal of Haitian Studies 8(1), 152-160
Journal article · Citation only
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The Faculté des sciences de l'éducation Regina Assumpta: A successful teacher-education project in Cap-Haïtien. (2002). Journal of Haitian Studies, 8(1), 152-160. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41715123

Incomplete: no author recorded. Check the source before citing.

No summary here. This journal publishes no abstract, and we do not summarise a work we have not read.

The Haiti-New Orleans Vodou Connection: Zora Neale Hurston as Initiate Observer

Turner · 2002 · Journal of Haitian Studies 8(1), 112-133
Journal article · Citation only
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The Haiti-New Orleans Vodou Connection: Zora Neale Hurston as Initiate Observer. (2002). Journal of Haitian Studies, 8(1), 112-133. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41715121

Incomplete: no author recorded. Check the source before citing.

No summary here. This journal publishes no abstract, and we do not summarise a work we have not read.

The Integration of Hispaniola: A Reappraisal of Haitian-Dominican Relations in the Nineteenth & Twentieth Centuries

O · 2002 · Journal of Haitian Studies 8(2), 4-29
Journal article · Citation only
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The Integration of Hispaniola: A Reappraisal of Haitian-Dominican Relations in the Nineteenth & Twentieth Centuries. (2002). Journal of Haitian Studies, 8(2), 4-29. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41715132

Incomplete: no author recorded. Check the source before citing.

No summary here. This journal publishes no abstract, and we do not summarise a work we have not read.

The Stakes of the "I-Game" in "Mémoire d'une Amnésique"

Smith · 2002 · Journal of Haitian Studies 8(1), 56-78
Journal article · Citation only
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The Stakes of the "I-Game" in "Mémoire d'une Amnésique". (2002). Journal of Haitian Studies, 8(1), 56-78. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41715118

Incomplete: no author recorded. Check the source before citing.

No summary here. This journal publishes no abstract, and we do not summarise a work we have not read.

Transnational Organizing and the Haitian Crisis, 1991-1994

Opitz · 2002 · Journal of Haitian Studies 8(2), 114-126
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Transnational Organizing and the Haitian Crisis, 1991-1994. (2002). Journal of Haitian Studies, 8(2), 114-126. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41715138

Incomplete: no author recorded. Check the source before citing.

No summary here. This journal publishes no abstract, and we do not summarise a work we have not read.

U.S. Policy in Haiti: The Failure to Help Despite the Rhetoric to Please

Carey · 2002 · Journal of Haitian Studies 8(2), 86-111
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U.S. Policy in Haiti: The Failure to Help Despite the Rhetoric to Please. (2002). Journal of Haitian Studies, 8(2), 86-111. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41715137

Incomplete: no author recorded. Check the source before citing.

No summary here. This journal publishes no abstract, and we do not summarise a work we have not read.

Vodou in Haiti: Way of Life and Mode of Survival

Michel · 2002 · Journal of Haitian Studies 8(1), 98-109
Journal article · Citation only
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Vodou in Haiti: Way of Life and Mode of Survival. (2002). Journal of Haitian Studies, 8(1), 98-109. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41715120

Incomplete: no author recorded. Check the source before citing.

No summary here. This journal publishes no abstract, and we do not summarise a work we have not read.

"Girl by the Shore:" Gender and Testimony in Edwidge Danticat's "The Farming of Bones"

Larrier · 2001 · Journal of Haitian Studies 7(2), 50-60
Journal article · Citation only
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"Girl by the Shore:" Gender and Testimony in Edwidge Danticat's "The Farming of Bones". (2001). Journal of Haitian Studies, 7(2), 50-60. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41715100

Incomplete: no author recorded. Check the source before citing.

No summary here. This journal publishes no abstract, and we do not summarise a work we have not read.

A Democracy of Words: Political Performance in Haiti's Tenth Province

Richman and Balan-Gaubert · 2001 · Journal of Haitian Studies 7(1), 90-103
Journal article · Citation only
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A Democracy of Words: Political Performance in Haiti's Tenth Province. (2001). Journal of Haitian Studies, 7(1), 90-103. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41715084

Incomplete: no author recorded. Check the source before citing.

No summary here. This journal publishes no abstract, and we do not summarise a work we have not read.

Bearing Witness and Beyond: Edwidge Danticat Talks about Her Latest Work

Shea and Danticat · 2001 · Journal of Haitian Studies 7(2), 6-20
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Bearing Witness and Beyond: Edwidge Danticat Talks about Her Latest Work. (2001). Journal of Haitian Studies, 7(2), 6-20. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41715097

Incomplete: no author recorded. Check the source before citing.

No summary here. This journal publishes no abstract, and we do not summarise a work we have not read.

Body and Voice as Sites of Oppression: The Psychological Condition of the Displaced Post-colonial Haitian Subject in Edwidge Danticat's "The Farming of Bones"

Clitandre · 2001 · Journal of Haitian Studies 7(2), 28-49
Journal article · Citation only
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Body and Voice as Sites of Oppression: The Psychological Condition of the Displaced Post-colonial Haitian Subject in Edwidge Danticat's "The Farming of Bones". (2001). Journal of Haitian Studies, 7(2), 28-49. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41715099

Incomplete: no author recorded. Check the source before citing.

No summary here. This journal publishes no abstract, and we do not summarise a work we have not read.

From c. 1790 to c. 1870

Flint, Fage, and Oliver (eds.) · 2001

The introduction to this volume argues that neither the European nor the Islamic vantage point will carry a history of Africa across these eighty years, since each illuminates only part of the continent.

Book

The introduction to this volume argues that neither the European nor the Islamic vantage point will carry a history of Africa across these eighty years, since each illuminates only part of the continent.

Its central move is over vocabulary. What later writers dismissed as tribalism, the editors argue, was nationality: loyalty to a common language and social order, often among millions of people, which in Europe would be called by that name. Asante, Zulu, Ganda and Hausa-Fulani are treated accordingly as nations, several of them mature well before 1790.

After that date something new appears — states that expanded by absorbing outsiders into the ruling group's language and religion rather than holding them as tributaries. Shaka's age regiments turned captured men into Zulu; in the Sokoto caliphate Islamic political thought displaced older Hausa loyalties. European example will not account for this, though European pressure told in the north. Long-distance trade, the editors suggest, is the likelier engine.

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APA (7th ed.)

From c. 1790 to c. 1870. (2001).

Incomplete: no author recorded; publisher not recorded. Check the source before citing.

Summary written here from the work itself — not the publisher’s own.

Globalization And Creole Pigs

Aristide and Caffrey · 2001 · Earth Island Journal 16(2), 47-47

Haiti's small black pigs did more than feed people. Aristide describes them as the savings bank of the countryside, hardy and cheap to keep, sold off to cover a funeral, an illness, or the October school fees,…

Journal article

Haiti's small black pigs did more than feed people. Aristide describes them as the savings bank of the countryside, hardy and cheap to keep, sold off to cover a funeral, an illness, or the October school fees, and part of how the soil kept its fertility.

In 1982 international agencies told peasants the herd was diseased and had to go, and within thirteen months every animal was dead. Replacements arrived two years later from Iowa needing clean water, roofed pens and imported feed that cost most of a year's income, which is why peasants nicknamed them four-footed princes. Aristide totals the damage at roughly six hundred million dollars, a third fewer children in rural schools, and less protein on the table.

For much of rural Haiti this was the first encounter with the global economy, and he offers it as the reason talk of privatization now meets shaken heads.

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Globalization And Creole Pigs. (2001). Earth Island Journal, 16(2), 47-47. https://www.jstor.org/stable/43880970

Incomplete: no author recorded. Check the source before citing.

Summary written here from the work itself — not the publisher’s own.

Haitian Contributions to American History: A Journalistic Record

Rhodes · 2001 · Journal of Haitian Studies 7(1), 46-60
Journal article · Citation only
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Haitian Contributions to American History: A Journalistic Record. (2001). Journal of Haitian Studies, 7(1), 46-60. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41715081

Incomplete: no author recorded. Check the source before citing.

No summary here. This journal publishes no abstract, and we do not summarise a work we have not read.

How Houngans Use the Light from Distant Stars

Benson · 2001 · Journal of Haitian Studies 7(1), 106-135
Journal article · Citation only
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How Houngans Use the Light from Distant Stars. (2001). Journal of Haitian Studies, 7(1), 106-135. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41715085

Incomplete: no author recorded. Check the source before citing.

No summary here. This journal publishes no abstract, and we do not summarise a work we have not read.

Imagining Post-colonialism as a Revolutionary Reality: Edwidge Danticat's Opus as a Testimony of Haitian Women's Survival through Narration

Ragbar · 2001 · Journal of Haitian Studies 7(2), 110-126
Journal article · Citation only
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Imagining Post-colonialism as a Revolutionary Reality: Edwidge Danticat's Opus as a Testimony of Haitian Women's Survival through Narration. (2001). Journal of Haitian Studies, 7(2), 110-126. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41715104

Incomplete: no author recorded. Check the source before citing.

No summary here. This journal publishes no abstract, and we do not summarise a work we have not read.

L'histoire et le mythe dans "Les Cacos" de Jean Métellus

Salien · 2001 · Journal of Haitian Studies 7(1), 78-89
Journal article · Citation only
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L'histoire et le mythe dans "Les Cacos" de Jean Métellus. (2001). Journal of Haitian Studies, 7(1), 78-89. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41715083

Incomplete: no author recorded. Check the source before citing.

No summary here. This journal publishes no abstract, and we do not summarise a work we have not read.

L'écriture Bizango: Edwidge Danticat, le go-between

Saint-Éloi · 2001 · Journal of Haitian Studies 7(2), 22-25
Journal article · Citation only
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L'écriture Bizango: Edwidge Danticat, le go-between. (2001). Journal of Haitian Studies, 7(2), 22-25. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41715098

Incomplete: no author recorded. Check the source before citing.

No summary here. This journal publishes no abstract, and we do not summarise a work we have not read.

Language, Theme and Tone in Edwidge Danticat's Work

Pyne-Timothy · 2001 · Journal of Haitian Studies 7(2), 128-137
Journal article · Citation only
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Language, Theme and Tone in Edwidge Danticat's Work. (2001). Journal of Haitian Studies, 7(2), 128-137. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41715105

Incomplete: no author recorded. Check the source before citing.

No summary here. This journal publishes no abstract, and we do not summarise a work we have not read.

Re-membering the Past: Weaving Tales of Loss and Cultural Inheritance in Edwidge Danticat's "Krik? Krak!"

Ortiz · 2001 · Journal of Haitian Studies 7(2), 64-77
Journal article · Citation only
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APA (7th ed.)

Re-membering the Past: Weaving Tales of Loss and Cultural Inheritance in Edwidge Danticat's "Krik? Krak!". (2001). Journal of Haitian Studies, 7(2), 64-77. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41715101

Incomplete: no author recorded. Check the source before citing.

No summary here. This journal publishes no abstract, and we do not summarise a work we have not read.

Reading the Signs in Pauline Melville's "Erzulie"

Pyne-Timothy · 2001 · Journal of Haitian Studies 7(1), 136-147
Journal article · Citation only
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Reading the Signs in Pauline Melville's "Erzulie". (2001). Journal of Haitian Studies, 7(1), 136-147. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41715086

Incomplete: no author recorded. Check the source before citing.

No summary here. This journal publishes no abstract, and we do not summarise a work we have not read.

Renesans Dèyè Simityè: Yon Pwojè Edikatif Pòtoprens-Nouyòk

Wilcken and Augustin · 2001 · Journal of Haitian Studies 7(1), 150-154
Journal article · Citation only
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Renesans Dèyè Simityè: Yon Pwojè Edikatif Pòtoprens-Nouyòk. (2001). Journal of Haitian Studies, 7(1), 150-154. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41715087

Incomplete: no author recorded. Check the source before citing.

No summary here. This journal publishes no abstract, and we do not summarise a work we have not read.

Replacing the "Wall of Disinformation:" "The Butterfly's Way, Krik? Krak!" and Representation of Haiti in the U.S.A.

Scott · 2001 · Journal of Haitian Studies 7(2), 78-93
Journal article · Citation only
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APA (7th ed.)

Replacing the "Wall of Disinformation:" "The Butterfly's Way, Krik? Krak!" and Representation of Haiti in the U.S.A. (2001). Journal of Haitian Studies, 7(2), 78-93. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41715102

Incomplete: no author recorded. Check the source before citing.

No summary here. This journal publishes no abstract, and we do not summarise a work we have not read.
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