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The generals hand Dessalines command six weeks after Belair is shot

17 November 1802 · Pre-Revolutionary

The 1800sThe Great Reclamation1 source
17 November 1802 · Pre-Revolutionary

The generals hand Dessalines command six weeks after Belair is shot

Clervaux, Petion and Christophe submit to a man the standard account calls Belair's betrayer.

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The offer of the supreme command to Dessalines is dated by de Young from the oral testimony of Madame Dessalines to this day, six weeks after the execution of Belair and while the published trial record was still circulating. The article treats this as the fact that breaks the traditional story. Experienced commanders including Clervaux, Petion and Christophe would not plausibly have submitted to a man who had just handed Belair to the French, and the thousand or so sub chiefs of the guerrilla bands, who had been hunted by Dessalines and were bound to the dead man by personal loyalty, would have found the arrangement impossible. Haitians of the period were well informed about the private conduct of prominent men through the network of rumour, so the article assumes they knew what French intelligence knew, that Dessalines had learned of the denunciation only after the fact. Where this account departs from the standard one: Ardouin, Madiou, Saint-Remy and Stoddard treat the offer as evidence of Dessalines's ruthlessness; de Young argues the offer is only intelligible if the betrayal never happened.

Alexandre PetionAugustin ClervauxHenry ChristopheJean-Jacques Dessalines Saint-Domingue
Where this comes from de Young, M. (1960). Jean-Jacques Dessalines and Charles Belair. p. 449.in the library Where this account departs from the standard oneArdouin, Madiou, Saint-Remy and Stoddard treat the offer as evidence of Dessalines's ruthlessness; de Young argues the offer is only intelligible if the betrayal never happened.
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Meanwhile, and next door

23 November 1802 · Haitian

Marie Bunel talks her way out of prison by playing the helpless wife

With executions under way at the Cap, she told Rochambeau that politics was foreign to her.

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When her husband still would not pay, Leclerc had Marie Bunel arrested to increase the pressure. Executions of troops of colour had become routine in the city, so Girard treats her fear for her life as entirely reasonable. She petitioned Leclerc, then Rochambeau, who took over as captain general after Leclerc died of yellow fever, writing that she could not believe the government would involve a woman in matters of politics, finance or accounting that were wholly foreign to her. Girard reads this as tactical use of a stereotype by a woman who had been running a long-distance trading house for years. Twenty notables of Cap Francais signed her petition, which indicated her actual standing more accurately than her letter did. In a period of arbitrary justice she was released quickly and left for Philadelphia. Her husband was deported to France and not freed until late 1803.

Charles LeclercDonatien RochambeauJoseph BunelMarie Bunel Cap-FrancaisPhiladelphia
Meanwhile, and next door Read these right here. You keep your place. Peek ›17 November 1802The generals hand Dessalines command six weeks after Belair is shot
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18 March 1804 · Caribbean

A prize court sells 185 shipwrecked captives for 81,400 francs

A slaver flying Danish colours ran aground at Higuey and its cargo was auctioned by the French state.

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On 9 February 1804 a vessel called the Good Hope wrecked near Higuey, on the eastern coast of Santo Domingo. She carried captives for sale, had a mostly British crew and a British captain, and sailed under the Danish flag, having touched at Saint Croix and Havana before making for Santo Domingo. On 18 March the board that General Jean Louis Ferrand used to judge captured ships ruled that everything aboard was forfeit, including the 185 people listed as cargo, and ordered them sold. The sale raised 81,400 francs. Ferrand's government was short of money and leaned on ship seizures to pay its soldiers and its clerks, justifying many of them as punishment for trading with Haiti. Two years later 187 people from the same wreck were resold in Santo Domingo city by a merchant from Saint Thomas. Whatever their legal status had been before the wreck, paperwork now recorded them as property.

Jean Louis Ferrand HigueySanto DomingoSaint CroixHavana
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December 1802 · Pre-Revolutionarymonth known

Henriette Saint-Marc is hanged in front of the cathedral

She had been buying powder and shot from French soldiers for the generals at Arcahaie.

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Henriette Saint-Marc was known in Port-au-Prince as a quiet and respectable woman who walked with her eyes down past the barracks of the old regiments of Artois, Guyenne and Normandy. When the generals at Arcahaie ran short of powder and shot she began obtaining both from French soldiers, by whatever means were available to her, and she was one of many women doing it. Pamphile de Lacroix, who wrote the history of the Leclerc expedition, confirms that the guerrillas were supplied this way. One evening in December 1802, on the slope of the morne de Desprez, the officer paying court to her turned out to be an agent of the maréchaussée who had been watching her for weeks. He put irons on her wrists and took her to the Artois barracks. A quick court martial sentenced her to hang. She was executed the next day on the square in front of the cathedral. That evening Rochambeau's palace held a ball with illuminations and speeches.

Henriette Saint-MarcRochambeauPamphile de Lacroix Port-au-PrinceArcahaie
Meanwhile, and next door Read these right here. You keep your place. Peek ›17 November 1802The generals hand Dessalines command six weeks after Belair is shot
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