the late nineteenth century · African

Three states in the Pangani valley come apart

The Shambaa and Gweno kingdoms and the Pare states dissolved as slaving reached them.

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the 1870s · Diasporadecade

The Sunday dances at Congo Square stop

A three tier racial order gave way to one white line, and the religion went underground.

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1870 to 1885 · Haitianspan

The archbishop mistakes a demand for priests for a demand for Rome

Masses and ceremonies for the dead already belonged inside Vodou.

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1872 · Caribbeanyear only

Samana is handed to an American company and the flag goes up

A free port, an agent with consular powers, and three islets leased to the navy.

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24 January 1872 · Haitian

Haiti's foreign office admits it never occupied Navassa

Ethéart tells Preston that internal troubles, and no renunciation, emptied the island.

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25 July 1872 · Caribbean

An inaugural speech admits that Dominica has a class of peasant proprietors

It was the first acknowledgment of its kind, delivered to an audience of planters.

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1874 · Haitianyear only

Alice Garoute is born, and her mother is carrying a revolver

Cap-Haïtien, milat petite bourgeoisie, a family exiled to Jamaica, and a founder of Haitian feminism.

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1874 · Caribbeanyear only

Two republics promise to keep foreigners off each other's soil

A treaty binds Haiti and the Dominican Republic to call on each other against foreign intrusion.

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1875 · Haitianyear only

Coffee pays the foreign debt, 1.20 dollars in every three by 1896

External debt climbs from 10.8 million francs to 64.4 million in thirty-five years.

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1876 · Africanyear only

Glele answers a British fine by telling them to check the books

A king with no written archive of his own cites the European histories of his kingdom.

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1878 · Datasetyear only

Two republics share the island and hold seven hundred thousand people

Twenty three to the square mile on ground reckoned able to carry ten times as many.

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