Istwa Nou

The borrowings can be listed. Egyptian ds, a jar, comes from early Nilo-Saharan DoS, a water pot, which fits what the pottery evidence already showed about where the styles came from. Egyptian s3, a cattle byre, comes from proto-Eastern Sahelian sar. Egyptian mrw, bulls, and mry, a fighting bull, come from proto-Sahelian mawr, an ox. Egyptian pg3, a wooden bowl or trough, comes from proto-Eastern Sahelian pookur. Egyptian bd, watermelon, and bddw, a bed of melons, come from proto-Eastern Sahelian bod. Egyptian t3, beer, comes from proto-Eastern Sahelian ter. Take the list together and it covers the pot that held the water, the shed that held the cattle, the animal that stood for royal strength, the bowl on the floor, the fruit in the garden and the drink at the feast. A pharaoh praised as a mighty bull was being praised in vocabulary that had come downriver from the south.