16 August 1959 to 10 January 1961 · Haitianspan
The archbishop is flown out with one dollar and no teeth
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On the evening of 18 August 1959, a thousand people gathered in the cathedral of Port-au-Prince to say the rosary for two French priests the government had just expelled. Barbot came in with a submachine gun and lines of macoutes swinging clubs, while another party went for the altar and knocked down priests and sacred vessels together. Sixty were arrested and the wounded were left bleeding in the aisles. The minister of cults told the New York Times that Christ himself had used a whip in the temple. On 22 November 1960, after a student boycott that had run eighty eight days, police entered the archbishop's house before he had shaved or put in his false teeth, gave him time to pull on a cassock, and put him on the early plane to Miami with a dollar in his hand. In January 1961 Remy Augustin, the only Haitian bishop, was woken, held at Fort Dimanche and flown to New York. The Vatican excommunicated Duvalier, the first Latin American head of state since Peron. He was unmoved.
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