1930 to 1956 · Haitianspan

Four presidents sign with American banks without counting the cost

Vincent, Lescot, Estime and Magloire treat foreign capital as the engine and accept the periphery.

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1930 · Haitianyear only

Vincent takes office promising to get the marines out

He bargained for a Haitian officer corps and kept the terms American investors wanted.

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1930 · Diasporayear only

Two Haitians in Paris start a magazine of black solidarity

La Revue du Monde Noir ran in French, and the students who founded negritude were reading it.

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1930s · Africandecade

African wages collapse and stay down for fifteen years

South Africa saw mass African unemployment for the first time since the mines opened.

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1930s · Africandecade

The depression teaches colonial Africa to distrust the market

Peasant growers began walking away from the export economy, and colonial governments built boards to stop them.

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1930s to 1941 · Africanspan

Nigerian nationalism splits along Yoruba and Igbo lines in 1941

The Youth Movement asked for autonomy inside the British empire and broke apart over which people would lead.

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1930 to 1967 · Africanspan

A racist textbook stays in print through three Oxford editions

Seligman's Races of Africa gave the Hamitic hypothesis a university imprint, and Rwanda paid for it.

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1930s to 1950s · Haitianspan

Elite women left thin archives and studied poor women thoroughly

The Ligue's researchers filled hundreds of pages on peasant women and kept almost nothing about themselves.

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1930s · Haitiandecade

Colour or class, and the women's league caught between them

Roumain's Marxists called colour a veil over wealth; the Griots called it the whole problem.

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1930s to 1940s · Haitianspan

A wage law for wives reaches one Haitian woman in four

Only a quarter of women were married in law, and the reform was drafted for them.

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1930s · Haitiandecade

Most rural Haitian marriages were never registered with anyone

Suzanne Comhaire-Sylvain's fieldwork found plasaj, and land underneath it.

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1930s to 1940s · Haitianspan

Legal marriage handed a woman's money to her husband

Plasaj kept her land and her income in her own hands, at a price paid in labour.

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1930s to 1940s · Haitianspan

The madan sara passes the loss down to the woman with the hoe

Most rural women sold food for the week's needs; the brokers who set the prices were few.

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1930s to 1940s · Haitianspan

Market women handled money better than the women with degrees

Financial skill ran upward from the bottom of the Haitian class order and stopped there.

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1930s to 1940s · Haitianspan

The father takes the peye bôné and the mother decides its worth

At plasaj weddings the payment of happiness passed through the men and was governed by women.

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1930s to 1940s · Haitianspan

Haitian weddings followed the coffee harvest and the corn

A rush of marriages in 1943 looked like a fashion and was really the agricultural calendar.

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1930s to 1940s · Haitianspan

Lescot calls plasaj polygamy and the ethnographers call it marriage

The president legislated against a system with contracts, gifts and a courtship of its own.

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1930s to 1940s · Haitianspan

The wait for a legal marriage was a wait for a house

Couples held off until there was a roof, and the self built quarters of Port au Prince record it.

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1930 · Diasporayear only

More than half of Black Caribbean America lives in one city

72,000 Afro-Caribbeans in the country and New York holding the majority of them.

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1930 · Haitianyear only

The Haitian elite admits Vodou into the national culture

Recognition arrived, and within a generation the dictatorship was making use of it.

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the 1930s · Haitiandecade

Haiti declares all Jews African so that they can own land

The constitution reserved property for people of African descent, so the legislature widened the category.

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1930 · Diasporayear only

Black infant mortality runs at double the white rate

C. Vann Woodward dated the perfection of the Jim Crow system to the 1930s.

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1 March 1930 · Haitian

Russell bans the march and Forbes allows it if only women walk

The commission's chairman granted a permit on one condition, and Régina Carrié Thoby accepted it.

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1 March 1930 · Haitian

Ten thousand women circle Dessalines and sing the anthem

Mass at Sacré Coeur, banners down the Champ de Mars, and two children laying a wreath.

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1 March 1930 · Haitian

Thoby picks Carnival day and tells the papers who really rules

Russell said the date came from the government, and she put her reply to that in print.

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6 to 28 March 1930 · Haitianspan

The commission hears the case against the occupation and little else

Nine tenths of the hearing time went to opponents, and Russell's answer was locked in a drawer.

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20 March to 15 May 1930 · Haitianspan

Borno leaves and Haiti manages a third peaceful handover

Handbills announced that the beast was dead. The crowd cheered Roy in and booed Borno out.

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20 March 1930 · Haitian

Eugene Roy is proclaimed the nation's choice by the delegates

The occupation is fifteen years old and the ethnographer signs the proclamation as first secretary.

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26 March 1930 · Haitian

The Forbes Commission spends twelve days in Haiti and reports

It praises the occupation's record and faults it for training almost no Haitians to take over.

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31 March 1930 · Haitian

La Presse writes up the manoeuvres that removed Borno

The paper recorded an older elite walking back into the palace it had been kept out of.

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April 1930 · Haitianmonth known

Eugene Roy is elected after Washington says it will install him anyway

A businessman with no political record takes the presidency on a promise to resign after elections.

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June 1930 · Diasporamonth known

A thousand economists ask Hoover to veto the tariff and he signs it

The United States told the world it was closing its market while the depression spread.

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September 1930 · Diasporamonth known

German unemployment hits three million and the Nazi vote reaches 6.4 million

Party membership doubled in a year and Hitler took the second largest bloc in the Reichstag.

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14 October 1930 · Haitian

Haitians vote and the nationalists beat the Port-au-Prince elite

American officials are ordered to stay out, and Congress then elects Stenio Vincent president.

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14 October to 18 November 1930 · Haitianspan

The Nationalists sweep the vote and Vincent wins the palace

Six voters in a hundred could read French, and every candidate ran against the occupation.

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18 November 1930 · Haitian

A legislature meets for the first time since 1918 and picks Vincent

Haiti's assembly, disbanded by the Americans, reconvened and chose a lawyer who wanted the marines gone.

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18 November 1930 · Haitian

The women who paid Vincent's fare get a president who ignores them

Borno out, Eugène Roy for six months, then a nationalist who guarded his own power.

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December 1930 · Haitianmonth known

A private who enlisted in 1915 is given a department to command

Demosthenes Calixte's promotion is displayed as proof that Haitianization of the Garde is real.

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